Transport in Japan is modern and highly developed. Japan’s transportation sector stands out for its energy efficiency: it uses less energy per person compared to other countries, thanks to a high share of rail transportation and low overall travel distances. Transport in Japan is also very expensive in international comparison, reflecting high tolls and taxes, particularly on automobile transportation. Japan’s spending on roads has been large.The 1.2 million kilometres of paved road are the main means of transportation. Japan has left-hand traffic. A single network of high-speed, divided, limited-access toll roads connects major cities, which are operated by toll-collecting enterprises. Almost every Japanese city has a bus network, although, with the exception of heavily touristed areas like Tokyo and Kyoto, the stops are often announced only in Japanese. City buses often have a flat fare. Buses can be confusing: in Tokyo you board from the front door and pay the driver upfront, either by scanning an IC card or depositing coins in the fare box, and disembark from the rear door; in Kyoto, it’s the opposite.